Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te maitai matao mahi he mea whakamahi mō te tā, te whakatārewatanga, te hanga, te piko, te whakaputanga matao, te tuhi matao, ngā makere paura whakarewa, me ētahi atu. Me nui te pakeke, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te pakari. E rua ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana: te momo whānui me te momo motuhake. Hei tauira, ko te maitai matao mahi whānui i te United States e whā ngā momo maitai: 01, A2, D2, me te D3. Kei te Ripanga 4 te whakataurite i ngā momo maitai o te maitai matao mahi whānui i ngā whenua rerekē. E ai ki te paerewa JIS a Hapanihi, ko ngā momo matua o te maitai matao mahi ka taea te whakamahi ko te raupapa SK, tae atu ki te maitai taputapu waro raupapa SK, 8 ngā maitai taputapu koranu raupapa SKD, me te 9 ngā maitai tere-rahi raupapa SKHMO, mō te katoa o te 24 ngā momo maitai. Kei roto i te paerewa maitai taputapu koranu GB/T1299-2000 o Haina he 11 ngā momo maitai, e hanga ana i tētahi raupapa tino oti. Nā ngā huringa o te hangarau tukatuka, ngā rauemi tukatuka me te tono mō ngā pokepoke, kāore e taea e te raupapa taketake taketake te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia. Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā mira maitai Hapanihi me ngā kaihanga maitai taputapu me te mate nui o Ūropi he maitai mate mahi makariri motuhake, ā, kua āta hangaia ngā raupapa maitai mate mahi makariri, ko te whanaketanga o ēnei maitai mate mahi makariri te ahunga whanaketanga o te maitai mate mahi makariri.
Te rino mate mahi matao tinei hau iti-konumohe
I te whanaketanga o te hangarau maimoatanga wera, inā koa te whānui o te whakamahinga o te hangarau tinei korehau i roto i te umanga pokepokea ai, hei whakaiti i te whakarerekētanga o te tinei, kua whakawhanakehia ētahi maitai iti-whakarerekētanga hau-iti i te kāinga me tāwāhi. Me pai te whakapakeketanga me te maimoatanga wera mō tēnei momo maitai. He iti te whakarerekētanga, he pai te kaha me te pakari, ā, he ātete ki te kakahu. Ahakoa he pai te whakapakeketanga o te maitai mate matao teitei-konumohe paerewa (pērā i te D2, A2), he nui te ihirangi konumohe, ā, he utu nui. Nō reira, kua whakawhanakehia ētahi maitai iti-whakarerekētanga konumohe i te kāinga me tāwāhi. Ko tēnei momo maitai he maha ngā huānga konumohe Cr me te Mn hei whakapai ake i te whakapakeketanga. Ko te tapeke o ngā huānga konumohe he <5%. He pai mō te hanga wāhanga tika me ngā puranga whakaputa iti. He pokepokea uaua. Ko ngā momo maitai e tohu ana ko te A6 mai i te Hononga o Amerika, te ACD37 mai i Hitachi Metals, te G04 mai i Daido Special Steel, te AKS3 mai i Aichi Steel, me ētahi atu. I muri i te tineitanga i te 900°C me te whakamahana i te 200°C, ka taea e te maitai GD Hainamana te pupuri i tētahi nui o te austenite e mau tonu ana, ā, he pai te kaha, te pakari me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga. Ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā mate tā matao e ngawari ana ki te pakaru me te whati. He roa te ora ratonga.
Rino pokepokea ai te mura
Hei whakapoto i te huringa hanga pokepokea ai, hei whakahaere i te tukanga whakamahana, hei penapena pūngao, hei whakaiti hoki i te utu hanga o te pokepokea ai. Kua whakawhanakehia e Hapani ētahi maitai mate matao motuhake mō ngā whakaritenga tinei mura. Ko ētahi o ngā mea noa ko te SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV) a Aichi Steel, SX4 (Cr8), te HMD5, te HMD1 a Hitachi Metal, te maitai G05 a Datong Special Steel Company, me ētahi atu. Kua whakawhanakehia e Haina te 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei momo maitai hei whakamahana i te mata, i ētahi atu wāhanga rānei o te pokepokea ai mā te whakamahi i te pū rehu oxyacetylene, i ētahi atu whakamahana rānei i muri i te tukatuka i te pokepokea ai, kātahi ka whakamataohia ki te hau, ka tinei. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamahi tonu i muri i te tinei. Nā te ngāwari o te tukanga, he whānui te whakamahinga i Hapani. Ko te momo maitai matua o tēnei momo maitai ko te 7CrSiMnMoV, he pai te whakapakeke. Ina tineihia te maitai φ80mm ki te hinu, ka taea e te pakeketanga i te tawhiti o te 30mm mai i te mata te eke ki te 60HRC. Ko te rerekētanga o te pakeketanga i waenga i te matua me te mata he 3HRC. Ina tineihia te mura, i muri i te whakamahana i mua i te 180~200°C me te whakamahana ki te 900-1000°C hei tinei mā te pū rehu, ka eke te pakeketanga ki runga ake i te 60HRC, ā, ka taea te whiwhi i tētahi paparanga pakeketanga neke atu i te 1.5mm.
He pakari teitei, he ātete ki te kakahu, he maitai mate mahi makariri
Hei whakapai ake i te pakari o te maitai matao mahi me te whakaiti i te ātete kakahu o te maitai, kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi kamupene hanga maitai pokepokea nui o tāwāhi he raupapa o ngā maitai matao mahi he pakari teitei me te ātete kakahu teitei. Ko te nuinga o tēnei momo maitai he 1% te waro me te 8% Cr. Mā te tāpiri i te Mo, V, Si me ētahi atu huānga whakarewa, he pai, he ōrite te tohatoha o ōna waro, ā, he nui ake tōna pakari i te momo maitai Cr12, engari he rite tonu tōna ātete kakahu. He teitei tō rātou pakeke, te kaha piko, te kaha ngenge me te pakari whati, ā, he teitei ake hoki tō rātou pumau ātete-whakamahana i te momo maitai pokepokea Crl2. He pai mō ngā wero tere-teitei me ngā wero maha-teihana. Ko ngā momo maitai matua o tēnei momo maitai ko te DC53 o Hapani he iti te ihirangi V me te CRU-WEAR he nui te ihirangi V. Ka tineia te DC53 i te 1020-1040°C, ā, ka taea e te pakeke te eke ki te 62-63HRC i muri i te whakamatao hau. Ka taea te whakamahana i te pāmahana iti (180 ~200℃) me te whakamahana pāmahana teitei (500~550℃), ka taea e tōna pakari te 1 ngā wā teitei ake i te D2, ā, ko tōna mahi ngenge he 20% teitei ake i te D2; i muri i te hanga me te hurihuri CRU-WEAR, ka whakamahanahia, ka whakaaustenitihia ki te 850-870℃. I raro iho i te 30℃/haora, ka whakamataohia ki te 650℃ ka tukuna, ka taea e te pakeke te eke ki te 225-255HB, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pāmahana tinei i roto i te awhe o te 1020~1120℃, ka taea e te pakeke te eke ki te 63HRC, ka whakamahanahia ki te 480~570℃ e ai ki ngā tikanga whakamahinga, me te kitea he pānga pakeke tuarua, te ātete kakahu me te pakari he pai ake i te D2.
Rino turanga (Rino tere-rahi)
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te maitai tere-rahi ki tāwāhi hei hanga i ngā pokepokea mahi matao mahi-teitei, roa te ora nā te mea he tino ātete ki te kakahu me te pakeke whero, pērā i te maitai tere-rahi paerewa whānui o Hapani SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Hei urutau ki ngā whakaritenga o te pokepokea, ka whakapaitia te pakari mā te whakaiti i te pāmahana tinei, te pakeke tinei, te whakaiti rānei i te ihirangi waro i roto i te maitai tere-rahi. Ka whakawhanakehia te maitai matrix mai i te maitai tere-rahi, ā, he rite te hanganga matū ki te hanganga matrix o te maitai tere-rahi i muri i te tinei. Nō reira, he iti te maha o ngā warowaiha toenga i muri i te tinei, ā, he ōrite te tohatoha, e tino whakapai ake ana i te pakari o te maitai ki te maitai tere-rahi. I te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1970, i ako te United States me Hapani i ngā maitai turanga me ngā tohu VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 me te MOD2. Nō nā tata nei, kua whakawhanakehia te DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, me ētahi atu. He mea whakamahi whānuitia mō ngā pokepokea mahi matao e hiahia ana ki te pakari teitei ake me te pumau pai ake o te ārai-whakamahana. Kua whakawhanakehia hoki e Haina ētahi maitai turanga, pērā i te 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi me ētahi atu maitai. He pai te kaha me te pakari o tēnei momo maitai, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga mō te whakapūtanga makariri, te werohanga pereti matotoru makariri, ngā wira hurihuri miro, ngā mate tā, ngā mate pane makariri, me ētahi atu, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei mate whakapūtanga mahana.
Pūwero whakarewa paura
Ko te maitai mahi matao koranu teitei momo LEDB i hangaia mā ngā tukanga tuku iho, inā koa ko ngā rauemi wāhanga nui, he karawarawa eutectic matotoru me te tohatoha koretake, ka tino whakaiti i te pakari, te kaha ki te huri me te isotropy o te maitai. I ngā tau tata nei, ko ngā kamupene maitai motuhake nui o tāwāhi e whakaputa ana i te maitai taputapu me te mate kua arotahi ki te whakawhanake i te raupapa o te maitai tere-teitei me te maitai mate koranu teitei whakarewa paura, ā, kua tere ake te whanaketanga o tēnei momo maitai. Mā te whakamahi i te tukanga whakarewa paura, ka tere te whakamatao o te paura maitai kua whakakōkīhia, ā, he pai, he ōrite hoki ngā karawarawa i hangaia, ka tino whakapai ake i te pakari, te kaha ki te huri me te isotropy o te rauemi pokepoke. Nā tēnei tukanga whakaputa motuhake, he pai, he ōrite hoki ngā karawarawa, ā, ka pai ake te mahi miihini me te mahi huri, ka taea ai te tāpiri i te ihirangi waro me te vanadium teitei ki te maitai, ā, ka whakawhanakehia he raupapa o ngā momo maitai hou. Hei tauira, kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o te raupapa DEX a Datong o Hapani (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, me ētahi atu), te raupapa HAP a Hitachi Metal, te raupapa FAX a Fujikoshi, te raupapa VANADIS a UDDEHOLM, te raupapa ASP a Erasteel o Wīwī, me te maitai taputapu me te mate paura a te kamupene CRUCIBLE o Amerika. Mā te hanga i tētahi raupapa o ngā maitai whakarewa paura pērā i te CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, me ētahi atu, kua tino pai ake te ātete ki te kakahu me te pakari ki te whakataurite ki te maitai taputapu me te mate i hangaia mā ngā tukanga noa.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-02-2024
